The coal was gasified by heating the coal in enclosed ovens with an oxygen-poor atmosphere. The manufacturing process for "synthetic fuel gases" (also known as "manufactured fuel gas", "manufactured gas" or simply "gas") typically consisted of the gasification of combustible materials, usually coal, but also wood and oil. The history of gaseous fuel, important for lighting, heating, and cooking purposes throughout most of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, began with the development of analytical and pneumatic chemistry in the 18th century. Drawing the retorts at the Great Gas Establishment Brick Lane, from The Monthly Magazine (1821)
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